Stopping sight distance The distance required by a driver traveling at a given speed to stop the vehicle after an object on the roadway becomes visible to the driver. A description of each classification and typical examples of land uses normally associated with each follows: (i)Minimum use driveway, see Figure 7. The applicant shall pay notary and recording costs including the cost of recording the permit in the County Office of the Recorder of Deeds when required, and the cost of all drainage releases. Access driveways shall be permitted at locations in which: (1) Sight distance is adequate to safely allow each permitted movement to be made into or out of the access driveway. See Figure 3. (2)When two access driveways are constructed on the same property frontage and used for one-way operation, each of these driveways may be placed at an angle less than a right angle, but not less than 45 degrees to the highway, except that along divided highways where no openings are allowed in the median the minimum angle of an exit driveway may be 30 degrees, as shown in Figure 12. (ii)a reference to a standard drawing found in Publication 43 or Publication 90, provided the referenced standard drawing properly depicts the work area and completely addresses the needed traffic control. Purpose . Permits shall be recorded whenever deemed necessary by the Department, including when: (1)a permit requires drainage facilities to be installed and maintained; (2)a permit authorizes one or more high volume driveways to be constructed; or. (3)Figures 7, 8, and 9 show two sets of design values. Chapter 3 - Intersections Publication 13M (DM-2) Change #1 - Revised 12/12 3 - 4 D. Superelevation. (m)Median openings. (10)Restoration. 501508 (relating to practice and procedure of Commonwealth agencies). (ii)Applications for driveways which include traffic signal control shall be accompanied by the following additional information: (A)An engineering study in sufficient detail to allow determination of the need for signal control and the adequacy of its design and operation. Permit applications shall be submitted to either the district or county office having jurisdiction over the county in which the proposed work will be performed. High volume drivewayA driveway used or expected to be used by more than 1500 vehicles per day. V = Velocity of vehicle (miles per hour). (c)Revocation procedure. m-950s (03-04) penndot driveway sight dist' (for local roads, safe-running speed grade sight line applicant seg. The driveway pavement shall be at least four inches thick within the right-of-way. Additional grounds for revocation shall be as follows: (1)The Secretary may revoke a permit whenever he determines that the driveway or approaches or their use constitute a hazard to traffic or interferes with the proper use of the highway by the Department or the public. (i)Permanent permit microfilm record. (2)The director may revoke a permit for nonpayment of a fee specified in 441.4 (relating to permit fees) including default of a check submitted for the payment. Manual entry; left side distance in feet at which an approaching vehicle can be seen from driveway (See Pub. (5)Restoration of slopes. Application for Minimum Use Driveway (or "Create Minimum Use Driveway Application" in EPS) 08-2022 . SecretaryThe Secretary of the Department. For grades, follow the general recommendations of PennDOT Design The type of shoulder to be installed will be specified by the permit, in accordance with the volume and type of traffic expected to use the driveway. Follow the guidance in . Dimensions shall be selected from the range of values shown on the appropriate figure, unless site conditions warrant a deviation. SupplementAn amendment to a highway occupancy permit issued on Department Form M-945S. Minimum use drivewayA residential or other driveway which is used or expected to be used by not more than 25 vehicles per day. S.R. The proof shall be in the form of a copy of the valid legal document or court order verifying the applicants legal estate or interest in the property. Drainage control plan for other than minimum use driveways shall be as follows: (1)If it can reasonably be anticipated that there will be an increase in the flow of water onto the highway or into highway drainage facilities as a result of action by the applicant, or that there will be an increase in the flow of water onto the property of some other person as a result of any action authorized by the permit, a drainage control plan shall be submitted with the application. A permit shall be valid for a six-month period or multiples thereof as specified on the permit. This will eliminate the need for depressing the back edge of the sidewalk. All drainage releases shall be notarized and recorded, by and at the expense of the applicant, in the County Office of the Recorder of Deeds. The provisions of this 441.8 amended November 27, 1981, effective October 17, 1981, 11 Pa. B. 1990). (iii)Medium volume driveway, see Figures 9, 11, and 12. Materials used in the construction of driveways shall meet the requirements of Form 408. (iii)The permit shall be maintained by the permittee as a permanent record and remain in effect, subject to the permit conditions and this chapter, as long as the driveway or the facility authorized by the permit exists. g = Percent grade of roadway divided by 100. Requirements for curbing shall conform with the following: (1)The permit may require the installation of curbing wherever it is required to control access or drainage, or both. Please direct comments or questions to. 1995). Waiver of design requirements shall be as follows: (1)If any design requirement set forth in this chapter cannot be met, the director may waive the requirement if the following conditions are satisfied: (i)no other reasonable access is available; (ii)the applicant has done all that can reasonably be done to satisfy the design requirements; (iii)if additional land is required, the applicant provides satisfactory evidence that it cannot be purchased at a reasonable price; (iv)no traffic problem will be created; and. (ii)In the event that other than rubber equipped machinery is authorized for use, the pavement and shoulders shall be protected by the use of matting, wood, or other suitable protective material having a minimum thickness of four inches. This includes providing appropriate end treatments on guard rail systems where existing guard rail is being broken by the driveway. (2)A left turn standby lane shall be installed to separate and protect left turning vehicles whenever a median opening is permitted. All other requirements of this chapter shall be complied with before the local road will be allowed access onto a State highway. (11)Approval by inspector. CommonwealthThe Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The permittee shall, at his own expense, install and maintain all nonelectrically powered traffic control devices, as specified in the permit, which are required to provide for the safe and orderly movement of vehicular or pedestrian traffic, or both. (5)Grade requirements where curbs and sidewalks are present. (3)Details of internal traffic circulation, parking, and traffic signs. Multiple driveways serving the same property must be separated by a minimum distance of 15 feet measured along the right-of-way line and 20 feet measured along the shoulder, ditch line, or curb. The provisions of this 441.1 amended September 2, 2011, effective September 3, 2011, 41 Pa.B. When the distance between multiple driveways is 50 feet or less measured along the shoulder or ditch line, the area between shall be clearly defined by permanent curbing. SetbackThe lateral distance between the right-of-way line and the roadside building, liquid fuel pump island, display stand, or other object, which will result in space for vehicles to stop or park between such objects and the right-of-way line. The longitudinal slope of the sidewalk shall not exceed two inches per foot. See Figure 3. The Department will not grant or deny the permit application until 30 days after receipt of the written notice by the fee title holder. The Department may require design details which are more stringent than those specified in this chapter to insure the safe and efficient operation of any proposed driveway. (3)Where the highway is curbed, driveway approaches shall be installed 1 1/2 inches above the adjacent highway or gutter grade to maintain proper drainage. (B)apartments with five units or less. Roadway construction standardsDepartment Publication No. Driveways shall be located, designed, constructed and maintained in such a manner as not to interfere or be inconsistent with the design, maintenance and drainage of the highway. See Figure 6. SEG. (e)Application procedure and required information. The permittee shall, when requested by the Department, submit to the district office a certificate or certificates of insurance for public liability and property damage, in form and amount satisfactory to the Department, to cover any loss that may be incurred for or on account of any matter, cause, or thing arising out of the permitted construction. The Pennsylvania Code website reflects the Pennsylvania Code (iv)When the sidewalk is directly against the back of the curb and the sidewalk is at least five feet wide, the curb shall be sloped as shown in Figure 5 of this subsection. (3)an access covenant (Form CC-14) is executed with the permit as specified in paragraph (16) of 441.6 of this title (relating to general conditions). f = Wet friction of pavement (average = 0.30). (C)If the sidewalk cross slope would exceed 6.0%, as indicated in clause (B) of this subparagraph, depress the entire sidewalk. (iii)The sight distances in Tables 1 through 4 apply only when highway grades are zero to 3.0%, either up or down. DRIVEWAY SIGHT DISTANCE (aka Clear sight distance) The minimum distance that a driver of a vehicle, situated at eye level, 3.5 R Available to PennDOT staff only. In order to be eligible to receive such a refund, the permittee shall deliver the request with the permittees copy of the permit to the issuing district permit office on or before the permit expiration date. (v)Building and business appurtenances on the site. (E)42 U.S.C. Permits are not required for the placing of newspaper receptacles or mail boxes, although their location is subject to the maintenance requirements of the Department. (B)When the highway grade ascends at greater than 5.0%, sight distance may be increased by a factor of 1.7. (3)Governmental authorities organized under the laws of this Commonwealth. Permittee responsibilities shall be as follows: (i)The permittee shall pay all fees, costs, and expenses incident to or arising from the project, including the cost of related highway improvements which increased traffic or surface drainage may necessitate. (f)Site requirements. Table 5Safe Sight Distance for passenger cars and single unit trucks entering driveways by left turns. Materials used in the construction of driveways shall meet the requirements of Form 408. 8372 (December 31, 2022). If a drainage release cannot be obtained from any affected property owner, the Department may nonetheless issue a permit if it determines that there is no reasonable and prudent alternative available to the applicant and the applicant executes an indemnification agreement acceptable to the Department. Grade of access driveway shall be constructed in the following manner: (1)All driveways shall be constructed so as not to impair drainage within the right-of-way, alter the stability of the improved area, or change the drainage of adjacent areas. If it can reasonably be anticipated that there will be an increase in the flow of water onto the property of some other person as a result of action, authorized by the permit, a drainage release shall be submitted with the application. When required by the permit, a speed change lane of sufficient length and width shall be constructed to allow vehicles to safely decelerate or accelerate when entering or leaving the property. Sight distance is adequate to safely allow each permitted movement to be made into or out of the access driveway. (i)The driveway approaches shall be installed 1 1/2 inches above the adjacent roadway or the gutter grade to maintain proper drainage. 2 Measured from a vehicle ten feet back of the pavement edge to a vehicle approaching in the median lane. When all permitted work has been completed, the self-addressed post card (Form M-945G) which accompanies the permit shall be mailed to the district office. Although the Department of Transportation had authority to approve satisfactory completion of roadwork authorized by its permit, regulations did not confer upon the Department the authority to permit landowner to open and operate a new land use; Township had authority to enforce its zoning ordinance and land development regulations, and had final approval of the land development and issuance of the required certificate of occupancy. (j)Auxiliary lanes. Controlling the direction that has the best sight distance . As such, its design must be in accordance with the Departments current standards governing the design of local roads. (viii)A permit shall be valid only as long as the traffic volume of the driveway does not exceed the approved driveway classification as set forth in 441.8(a) of this title (relating to driveway design requirements). No statutes or acts will be found at this website. M-950K - Obligation Bond (Driveway) M-950K1 - Blanket Obligation Bond (Driveway) M-950L - Irrevocable Letter of Credit (Driveway) M-950MPC - Land Use Questionnaire (Driveway) M-950R1 - Access Approval Procedure Worksheet and Sample Letter (Driveway) M-950S - Measuring Driveway Sight Distances (Driveway) TR-478A - Report on Compaction Density . (ii)The difference between the cross slope of the roadway and the upward grade of the driveway approach shall not exceed 8.0%. General requirements shall be as follows: (1)The ability of a driveway to safely and efficiently function as an integral component of a highway system requires that its design and construction be based on the amount and type of traffic that it is expected to serve and the type and character of roadway which it accesses. Driveways serving properties located adjacent to a highway intersection shall be subject to the following: (1)There shall be a minimum ten foot tangent distance between the intersecting highway radius and the radius of the first permitted driveway. (3)Additional right-of-way for lanes. This chapter separates driveways into four classifications, based on the amount of traffic they are expected to serve. Permit issuance fees and general permit inspection fees shall not be payable by any of the following: (2)Political subdivisions of this Commonwealth. (l)Penalty for falsifying application. PennDOT issues a variety of different Highway Occupancy Permits (HOPs) to property owners, developers, utility companies, municipalities and municipal authorities, and other interested parties who desire access to the state's right-of-way. Divided highwayA highway divided into two or more roadways and so constructed as to impede vehicular traffic between the roadways by providing an intervening space, physical barrier, or clearly indicated dividing section. The permit shall be binding upon the permittee, its agents, contractors, successors, and assigns. Sight distance is adequate to safely allow each permitted movement to be made into or out of the access driveway. (9)Traffic protection and maintenance. For sidewalks narrower than five feet, the curb will be sloped and the back edge of the sidewalk will be depressed (maximum 1 1/2 inches) to maintain an 8.0% maximum grade on the driveway. (b)Angle of access driveway approach. Review by municipalities, planning commissions, and zoning boards shall comply with the following: (1)Certain local governing bodies wish to review driveway applications within their jurisdictions. (vi)The permittee shall be the only party in interest in any action against the Department before the Board of Claims involving disputes arising from the permit. Flagmen shall be provided as specified in the permit and in accordance with Publication 43 and Publication 90. Where possible, drainage releasesForm L-15 or CC-15will be obtained, by and at the expense of the applicant, from all property owners over whose land additional drainage will flow. 72 containing the Departments design standards for roadway construction. (ii)In the event of failure or neglect by the permittee to perform and comply with the permit or the provisions of this chapter, the Department may immediately revoke and annul the permit and order and direct the permittee to remove any or all structures, equipment, or property belonging to the permittee or its contractors from the legal limits of the right-of-way and to restore the right-of-way to its former condition. Allow no more than three dwelling units to gain access to a private driveway. 1 Measured from a vehicle ten feet back of the pavement edge to a vehicle approaching in the outside lane. 1 Measured from the point where a left-turning vehicle stops for a vehicle in the outside lane. (l)Driveways relative to ramps. The provisions of this Chapter 441 issued under the State Highway Law (36 P. S. 670-420), unless otherwise noted. ft. home is a 5 bed, 4.0 bath property. Stopping sight distanceThe distance required by a driver traveling at a given speed to stop the vehicle after an object on the roadway becomes visible to the driver. 4159. Table 5Safe Sight Distance for passenger cars and single unit trucks entering driveways by left turns. Smithfield v. Kessler, 882 A.2d 17, 23 (Pa. Cmwlth. (4)Design features of existing and proposed driveways, curbs, tapers, acceleration, and deceleration lanes including the following: (ii)Driveway radii and other points of curvature. R Available to PennDOT staff only. Sight distance values less than desirable will be accepted only if it is impossible to achieve the desirable value by locating the driveway at any point within the property frontage boundaries. No statutes or acts will be found at this website. (v)Dimensions of traffic islands adjacent to the highway and within the development that separate traffic flow from or onto the highway. (3)If sight distance requirements as specified in this chapter cannot be met, the Department may: (i)prohibit left turns by exiting vehicles; (ii)restrict turning movements to right turns in and out of a driveway; (iii)require installation of a right turn acceleration lane or deceleration lane; (iv)require installation of a separate left turn standby lane; (v)alter the horizontal or vertical geometry of the roadway; or. Hearing officer committed no abuse of discretion by order approving application for highway occupancy permit upon conditions that permittee pay for traffic signal and driveway access as this was within exercise of power to make reasonable rules and regulations governing the use of highways and flow of traffic thereon. AccessA driveway, street or other means of passage of vehicles between the highway and abutting property, including acceleration and deceleration lanes and such drainage structures as may be necessary for the proper construction and maintenance thereof. (4)Grade requirements in uncurbed shoulders within the right-of-way shall conform to Figure 1. This will enable the driveway slope to stay within the 8.0% slope limit. (v)the applicant executes an indemnity agreement satisfactory to the Commonwealth. The provisions of this 441.1 amended under section 420 of the State Highway Law (36 P.S. Immediately preceding text appears at serial pages (358426) and (216115) to (216117). Recommend 5-15 foot minimum on local roads. (a)General. 1 Measured from the point where a left-turning vehicle stops for a vehicle in the outside lane. 1 Measured from the point where a left-turning vehicle stops to a vehicle in the outside lane. (e)Number of driveways. (4)Cost. BRIDLE PATH SIGN (W11-104) The Bridle Path Sign (W11-104) shall be authorized for use along roads where a number of horses normally walk beside or cross the roadway. (3) The driveway will not create a hazard. Low, medium, and high volume driveways which provide access to paved highways shall be paved within the right-of-way. Here are some mowing tips: . (2)Left turn stand-by lanes. (vi)Where the permittee has the responsibility to restore the highway, including slope or any other appurtenance thereto, under subparagraphs (i)(v), including instances where a presumption of responsibility has not been rebutted, the permittee shall have the duty to restore the improved area in accordance with the permit. Figures 7 through 12 illustrate and supplement the minimum design requirements described in this chapter. All work authorized by the permit shall be subject to the following: (i)All applicable laws, rules, and regulations, including but not limited to the following: (A)Act of October 26, 1972 (P. L. 1017, No. (a)General rule. If approved, a supplement may be issued by the district office, authorizing work to continue for an additional six-month period. Equipment damaging the highway shall conform with the following conditions: (i)To protect the pavement and shoulders, all equipment shall have rubber wheels or runners and shall have rubber, wood, or similar protective pads between the outriggers and the surface, unless otherwise authorized by the permit. Stopping sight distance is influenced by both vertical and horizontal alignment. (ii)If there is a failure of the highway, including slope or any other appurtenance thereto, in the area adjacent to the immediate area of the permitted work within two years after the completion of the permitted work and there is no similar failure of the highway in the area of the permitted work or beyond the area adjacent to the area of the permitted work, it shall be presumed that the work done by the permittee was the proximate cause of the failure and the permittee shall be responsible to make all temporary and permanent restoration unless the presumption is rebutted by clear and convincing evidence. t = Perception time of motorist (average = 2.5 seconds). Stopping sight distanceThe distance required by a driver traveling at a . (2)The design features described in this section and illustrated in the attendant figures are to be used by the applicant in designing the driveway plans which accompany the application. Form 408The latest revision of highway construction specifications issued by the Department. (iii)When a planted area exists in front of the sidewalk, one of the following three cases shall apply: (A)When the grass strip between the curb and the sidewalk is wide enough to maintain an 8.0% maximum driveway approach grade, construct the driveway as shown in Figure 2. (5)Lane in front of another property. (a)General. The minimum acceptable sight distance values shall be computed from the following formula: SSSD = Minimum safe stopping sight distance (feet). (3)Regardless of frontage, a development may be restricted to a single entrance/exit driveway, served by an internal collector road separated from the traveled way. Table 2Safe Sight Distance for buses and combinations exiting from driveways onto two-lane roads. 4624. (C)If the sidewalk cross slope would exceed 6.0%, as indicated in clause (B) of this subparagraph, depress the entire sidewalk. Table 2Safe Sight Distance for buses and combinations exiting from driveways onto two-lane roads. Right-of-wayThe area which has been acquired by the Department for highway purposes. (a)General rule. If the permittee fails to restore the improved area properly, the Department will have the authority to do the work at the expense of the permittee. Requirements for traffic control devices shall be as follows: (1)Nonelectrically powered devices. (c)Specific location restrictions. (a)General rule. "Intersection Sight Distance" in Chapter 9 of the 2004 AASHTO Green Book. (e)Waiver of design requirements. (m)Newspaper or mail receptacles. Except for joint-use driveways, no portion of any access shall be located outside of the property frontage boundary line. (h)Sight distance. All curbing must be permanent curbing, as defined in 441.1 of this title (relating to definitions). No statutes or acts will be found at this website. (B)apartments with five units or less. Sight distance requirements for driveways shall be in accordance with PennDOT regulations, 67 Pa. Code, Chapter 441, "Access to and Occupancy of Highways by Driveways and Local Roads," or successor publication. (5)Grade requirements where curbs and sidewalks are present. ShoulderThe portion of the roadway, contiguous to the traffic lanes, for accommodation of stopped vehicles, for emergency use, and for lateral support of base and surface courses and pavements. MLS # PADE2042340 The Department may also make such investigations and require such additional information as it deems necessary. (Ch. No, PennDOT will not cut slopes or vegetation to improve sight distance according to PA Title 67, Chapter 441, because sight distance improvement is the responsibility of the driveway owner. (i)Grade of access driveway. See Figure 11 and Figure 12. f = Wet friction of pavement (average = 0.30). (B)When the highway grade ascends at greater than 5.0%, sight distance may be increased by a factor of 1.7. Permanent curbingPlain or reinforced cement concrete curb which meets Department standards. Please be as descriptive as possible on the details screen so we can share your feedback with the appropriate personnel. B. (iv)When the sidewalk is directly against the back of the curb and the sidewalk is at least five feet wide, the curb shall be sloped as shown in Figure 5 of this subsection. The available corner sight distance on side roads is less than the necessary stopping sight-distance values . (iii)If there is a failure of the highway, including slope or any other appurtenance thereto, in the immediate area of the permitted work, which occurs more than 2 years after the completion of the permitted work, and there is no similar failure of the highway beyond the area adjacent to the area of the permitted work, it shall be presumed that the work done by the permittee was the proximate cause of the failure and the permittee shall be responsible to make all temporary and permanent restoration, including any failure of the adjacent area if it has also failed, unless the presumption is rebutted by clear and convincing evidence.

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