consumed. A contingent yes. Technology gives researchers access to online libraries, digital collaboration and social media websites. In addition to elected officials, descriptive representation can contribute to how legitimate citizens view the actions of bureaucrats (when black citizens are stopped by black police officers, they are more likely to perceive their actions aslegitimate) and encourage involvement in government (when there are more blacks in public institutions, the likelihood ofinvolvement by blacks increases). Descriptive representation describes the extent to which public officials reflect the demographic composition of the constituents that they serve. It allows us to not only understand human behavior but we can observes animals and even plants if we so desired, although that would be more or less useless including the data. Critical Mass and Women's Substantive Representation Women's descriptive representation and the literature that addresses the means by which more women might be elected to national office involve, at face value, number-based models. Kuklinski, J. H. (1978). For example, descriptive representation can contribute to the way in which citizens evaluate and interact with elected officials. Polit Behav 39, 3150 (2017). (1995). This is the conceptual view of the end product, whatever the owner can think about relative to its use. Redrawing a congressional district to intentionally benefit one political party. Apr 10, 2015. 3. ; ; Naturalistic observational research is important because it allows researchers to observe people in a natural habitat without any variable manipulation. nebraska softball roster; jacksonville, fl hurricane risk; Canada, France, and India join the U.S. and the United Kingdom as being an alternative structure. In each case, we find that in a given Congress, legislators are around 6-9 percentage points more likely to contact federal agencies on behalf of constituents with whom they share background char-acteristics, when compared to their nonveteran, male, or white . Hood III, and Mason Reece, Descriptive Representation in Election Administration. (2012). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. One of the oldest forms of naming, descriptive titles are logical, functional, and utilitarian. Additionally, it is possible to make future forecasts, although they are considered premature or basic. The researcher usually has high level of control over research variables. Comparative Political Studies, 0010414012463884. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Copyright 2023 The President and Fellows of, The Black Agenda with Anna Gifty Opoku-Agyeman, Continuing Conflict: Old Challenges and New Debates, Revenge of the Patriarchs Why Autocrats Fear Women, We are a tinderbox: Political violence is ramping up, experts warn, Eliana La Ferrara: An economist looking at the world through a wider lens, Hourly and gig workers have it worse than we thoughtand why that matters for u, The reversal of reproductive rights in America is contrary to global trends. The WAGE research initiative focuses on data-driven strategies organizations can use to "debias" their systems and create more inclusive workplaces, as well as interventions that enhance individuals agency in negotiating more gender-equitable work arrangements, including paid and unpaid labor. Indiana University, 210 Woodburn Hall, 1100 East Seventh Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA, You can also search for this author in Talking about politics: Gender and contextual effects on political proselytizing. (2010). Like all different types of research, descriptive research has both advantages and disadvantages. We would say that a black constituent is descriptively Do majority-minority districts maximize substantive black representation in congress? Given the important role that poll workers play as the street level bureaucrats that voters encounter and the role that descriptive representation can play in legitimizing government, it stands to reason that for minority voters, interacting with a poll worker of similar racial identity will increase confidence in elections. Descriptive researchis atype of researchthat is responsible for describing the population situation or phenomenon around which his study focuses. Constituency influence in Congress. This may help you better understand research findings, whether reported in the mainstream media, or when reading a research study on your own. June 9, 2022 Posted by is bristol, ct a good place to live; Today, the Journals Division publishes more than 70 journals and hardcover serials, in a wide range of academic disciplines, including the social sciences, the humanities, education, the biological and medical sciences, and the physical sciences. Another benefit of descriptive research is that it enables you to determine the behavior of people in a natural setting. Scherer, N., & Curry, B. 5. I claim that a . Some of the providers that are notified about the pregnancy, they stop giving the medication to the pregnant woman. The data obtained by conducting a descriptive. Race, representation, and trust: Changes in attitudes after the election of a black mayor. Within election administration, a diverse population of poll workers serves as a means to facilitate confidence in elections and the legitimacy of election outcomes. The Gender and Politics initiative aims to advance research on representative democracy and equitable participation in governments across the globe. Through the resource of the survey, it is possible to carry out a descriptive investigation that yields information about the number of hours per day that children in a particular population play. The results of the analysis suggest that black voters whose primary interaction on Election Day is with a black poll worker express greater confidence that their ballot, ballots across their local jurisdiction, and ballots across their state are counted accurately. Post author: Post published: June 9, 2022 Post category: girls night out restaurants Post comments: new townhomes london ontario new townhomes london ontario 4. Banducci, S. A., Donovan, T., & Karp, J. 50 Intense Pros and Cons of Dropping the Atomic Bomb, 20 Intriguing Pros and Cons of Becoming a State National, Pros And Cons Of Higher Education For Police Officers. Of particular importance is whether substantive or descriptive representation are necessary to create symbolic representation and perceptions that government outcomes are fair and legitimate. This is an increasing trend since the previous Congress had three states which had, Further, immigrants also form part of Congress who totals. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data (Sharma, 2019). Under the system of proportional representation, any party with a high enough percentage of the vote will receive a seat in the government. This method allows a researcher to watch someones uninhibited reactions compared to surveys or case surveys where you can answer truthfully or untruthfully. The Symbolic Benefits of Descriptive and Substantive Representation. When a person is unaware they are being observed it reduces change in behavior, which can occur when if they are aware that they are being observed. British Journal of Political Science, 39(01), 141162. To investigate other possible predictors of perceptions of fairness, we also re-ran the results adjusting for several demographic and political covariates. TheMIT Election Data and Science Labhelps highlight new research and interesting ideas in election science. Other nations experience higher levels of voter turnout than these 5 nations because their vote really does count on some level. This article examines theoretical expectations on the importance of descriptive representation. They get straight to the point, without relying on consumers . Research questions are the first step to takebefore starting to study something that intrigues us. Dawson, M. C. (1995). See Jane run: Women politicians as role models for adolescents. The aim is to show that the moral . Wh, The failed NFL diversity rule corporate America loves, Practicing DEI: A Conversation with HKS Alums, International Womens Day Community Breakfast, Harvard Alumni Allyship Series: International Women's Day, But the Fellows Are Simply Diversity Hires! How Organizational Contexts Influence Status Beliefs, 3 Negotiation Myths Still Harming Womens Careers. In this system, the voter would rank the candidates on their ballot based on choice. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Many factors can facilitate or diminish confidence. Descriptive statistics comprises the statistical methods dealing with the collection, tabulation and summarization of data, so as to present meaningful information. descriptive representation pros and cons proceedings of the international conference on learning representations. Descriptive research is the right choice when researchers want to describe a phenomenon or situation. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. American Political Science Review, 90, 794812. Specifically, the data were used to determine if black voters who interacted with a black poll worker on Election Day were likely to be more confident when compared to black voters who interacted with a poll worker of another race/ethnicity. (2009). Data from the 2016Survey of the Performance of American Elections(SPAE) was used to evaluate the relationship between descriptive representation and confidence. PubMedGoogle Scholar. a firm and chewy baked product contains gluten; is chuck drummond still alive; homes for rent by owner in calumet city, il; houma news live; did adam bowles leave kthv pros and cons of descriptive representation. It is discussed in this paper as a means to enhance the declining legitimacy of Dutch works councils as important sites of democratic decision-making in their own right. By using descriptive research in conjunction with other research methods, researchers can gain a more complete understanding of a particular topic or phenomenon. https://www.linkedin.com/company/wappphks/, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCII4gHJhDfpGjlojaME1bHQ, https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/women-and-public-policy-program-seminar-s. Under a standard system of proportional representation, voters are able to cast a single transferable vote, or an STV. the six voting members of the House being women. As I write, descriptive representation by gender improves substantive outcomes for women in every polity for which we have a measure. Gay, C. (2001). It is easier to make decisions and go further for data analysis. Until a candidate reaches more than the set share of votes, no one is declared a winner. Barnes, T. D. & Burchard, S. M. (2012). Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. While it stands to reason that voters are more confident when candidates who areaffiliatedwith their political party win, what voters experience while casting a ballot can also contribute to their confidence in elections. Here are some of the most important characteristics of descriptive research: In descriptive research, the researcher has no control over any of the variables that affect the event or problem under investigation. As its name says, this way of investigating describes, it does not explain. Best for study the effect of an intervention. It provides a system of true representation. 3. U. Farmer's Empowerment through knowledge management. Some of the disadvantages of naturalistic observations is that the observers dont have control over the research and sometimes by not having control the research can be bad or the experiment itself can go wrong and something could happen to the observer or the observed. It is particularly useful when researchers want to gain insights into a particular topic or identify trends. One of the benefits of descriptive representation is that the MEM representative's ethnicity and certain ethnic features of that representative's ethnicity can make MEM voters feel empowered.7 Such features can include physical appearance like skin colour and hair type. What is a Descriptive Representative? pros and cons of descriptive representation. Engaged Fatherhood for Men, Families and Gender Equality. Descriptive research can be used to classify the data collected in the study that is being carried out, separating them into different categories of description. They have no way of having that vote be represented. Bridgett King recently presented a paper at the 2018 annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association entitled, Descriptive Representation in Election Administration: Poll Workers and Voter Confidence. Here, Professor King summarizes her analysis from that paper. It makes things easier for extreme parties to gain representation. In Belgium, the negotiations required after their 2010 election to form a governing coalition took 18 months to complete, leaving a crippled government in its place where nothing got done. 3. In this contribution we distinguish the substantive and the descriptive approach of representation. New Haven: Yale University press. - 167.99.130.146. In, addition, women representation has grown over the years with the current Congress having more, women in positions of power. Amazons mechanical turk a new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? Atkeson, L. R., & Carrillo, N. (2007). While Not all cues are created equal: The conditional impact of female candidates on political engagement. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. descriptive representation pros and cons Sign in what are the 3 ps of dissemination. That means the 49% of people who voted Republican will be represented by somebody for whom they did not vote. The concept of representation. For a discussion of the representativeness and validity of MTurk as a data source, see Buhrmester etal. In political theory, descriptive representation as a corrective to structural asymmetries within society is usually debated against the background of formal political institutions. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Posted on June 16, 2022 June 16, 2022 The American Political Science Review, 57(1), 4556. This article is called What Happens to Mental Health Treatment During Pregnancy? Example: The population may be all people living in India. Where Are Wind Turbine Blades Made In Texas? Abney, F. G., & Hutcheson, J. D. (1981). A. It is for this reason that it can be said that a descriptive research is quantitative. . In this article, we will explore the benefits and limitations of descriptive research and when it is the most appropriate research method to use. Bobo, L., & Gilliam, F. D, Jr. (1990). New York: Free Press. Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material. It involves the collection and analysis of data to describe a phenomenon or situation. Sociological Forum, 8(2), 243271. Political Analysis, 20(3), 351368. It enables both the collection of quantitative data and qualitative data. These respondents were excluded from analysis. The Journal of Politics They basically consist of making a description of the variables to be measured in a phenomenon, and analyzing the incidence at the time that event occurs. Baker, A., & Cook, C. (2005). Given this, confidence in the accuracy of elections and the outcomes that they produce requires that voters trust not only their local processes and procedures, but also those across their state and the nation. One of the major challenges in providing quality representation comes from the desire to balance the will of the majority with the needs of political minorities. A re-assessment of the concept of political support. both the seat in the House of Representative and the Senate (Geiger et al). In the profession of Psychology, watching people, animals, possessions in an environment are called observation. Hero, R. E. & Tolbert, C. J. Princeton: Princeton University Press. That creates a system of government that tends to be indecisive and weak because everyone argues for their own best interests. Descriptive research is a powerful tool that can be used to gain insights into a particular subject. Journal of Politics, 66(2), 534556. Hibbing, J. R., & Theiss-Morse, E. (2002). Book Bridgett Kingis an associate professor and Director of the Master of Public Administration Program at Auburn University. In addition, it allows obtaining data, or information, of the quantitative or qualitative type: Using the case study it is possible to carry out a slightly more detailed analysis of the event, as well as to study in detail groups or subjects separately. Supporters of descriptive representation anticipate that descriptive representatives behave in distinct ways through which they are able to provide better substantive representation than non-descriptive representatives. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. This form of research provides insight on human nature, we are able to understand basic psychological processes from this. Page, B. I., Shapiro, R. Y., Gronke, P. W., & Rosenberg, R. M. (1984). The research survey is one of the most widely used instruments when conducting descriptive research, where the number of samples to be taken is large. Being female, black, and possessing a more liberal ideology were associated with lower perceptions of fairness. Political Research Quarterly, 63(4), 890907. The research carried out in a national census is descriptive, since it is only interested in data such as the number of population, the salary they receive, or what class the household is, without making any kind of analogy between these. We also demonstrate that the degree of descriptive representation desired is conditional on the nature of the policy being considered. Political power and womens representation in Latin America. Du Bois Review, 2(02), 227246. American Politics Quarterly, 25(1), 118133. Naturalistic Observation is a frequently utilized research method in which one observes a certain behavior. 2. Desposato, S., & Norrander, B. Thequalityof poll workers,experienceswith voting equipment and technology, andevaluationsof polling locations can all affect how confident citizens are in elections. Poll workers are an integral component of successfully conducting and managing elections in the United States. Matthew Hayes. By making the decision-making process more . All data and replication code for this paper can be accessed at http://dx.doi.org/10.7910/DVN/JWXMFE. In many areas of public administration and policy, the importance . (2004). Politics and Gender, 3(1), 79. Researchers often times are faced with the decision of choosing a methodology of research; either Quantitative or Qualitative that they think best fits their study and objectives. 2. Descriptive research can be particularly useful in identifying trends or patterns. The case of the US courts. Advantage The brevity by which descriptive investigations are carried out means that their costs are not high, compared to other types of investigations. So if we did a study on say How many gangs are in Los Angeles? This will give us an answer of how many of something, like a situation that is being studied. There are times when a strong majority in the government is required to push through needed reforms. However, what good representation should be is debated. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions Naturalistic observation also gives the observers little to no control which gives the observer pure, non-corrupted data. The American Political Science Review, 535547. That prevents incumbents from staying in office, even if 60% of the population has voted against them. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. Congress in black and white. Problems to select a suitable method: Information can be . As long as a party receives enough of a proportional vote to equal one seat, they will be represented within the government at some level. Correspondence to This type of design does not allow to establish causal relationships, since they do not have the possibility of controlling variables, and their internal validity is not very reliable. It is discussed in this paper as a means to enhance the declining legitimacy of Dutch works councils as important sites of democratic decisionmaking in their own right. There were pre-determined characteristics that the researchers wrote down on a spreadsheet, however, specific behaviors were recorded as they happened (i.e., the type of reaction that resulted from each person who picked up the card). Learn more about Institutional subscriptions. Politics of presence? In addition to the important administrative role that they play, poll workers also contribute to the way voters view elections and their outcomes. It describes the characteristics of a citizens or circumstance being studied. 2. Limits of Descriptive Representation. 6. They would indicate a first choice, a second choice, a third, and so forth. American Political Science Review, 95, 589602. Solving problems for constituents, especially problems involving government officials. Problems of Descriptive Representation in Dutch Works Councils. ups order supplies unavailable; beaver creek club colorado. Casework. what does silent notifications mean; why is there a shortage of paper towels again? The structures behind proportional representation allow independent candidates and minority parties an opportunity to be elected, which can end the dynasties of the major political parties in that country. By Bridgett King It can help researchers understand the current state of affairs and provide a foundation for further research. The closer assessment of pros and cons will. Under the system of proportional representation, any party with a high enough percentage of the vote will receive a seat in the government. research is observational in nature and a type of correlational research, and is often contrasted with. While it has its pros and cons, it can be particularly useful in identifying trends or patterns. Black faces in the mirror: African Americans and their representatives in the US Congress. The delegate theory of representation. The research design is used to draw up the work plan to follow in the research. About descriptive representation. Descriptive statistics on the dependent variables can be found in the Appendix (Supplementary material). The Gender and Conflict initiative unites faculty, students, and researchers at Harvard Kennedy School and beyond to study gender in non-violent and violent social movements and the social and institutional factors influencing the prevalence of gender-based violence. It is where the conceptual phase of the research, such as thestatement of the problem,meets theoperational phase, such as the method and instruments of the investigation. Tate, K. (2003). American Journal of Political Science, 717732. It is possible that subjects evaluations of these rates of descriptive representation depend on the type of community they are thinking of. Descriptive representation is the concept that those who represent the American people should not only have the same political interest, but should also mirror the demographic makeup of the people. The American Political Science Review, 84, 377393. This type of research is often used in the social sciences, but can be used in other disciplines as well. (1997). The symbolic representation of gender: A discursive approach. Conservatives and right-wing liberals have traditionally opposed it, while left-wing political parties and social movements often regard quotas for marginalized groups as decisive progressive measures in struggles for democracy and justice. II. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Should blacks represent blacks and women represent women? Latinos and substantive representation in the US House of Representatives: Direct, indirect, or nonexistent? Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. The selection of questions should include both open and closed questions, thus guaranteeing a balance between them and making it possible to collect good quality information. This literature traces its roots to the work of Thibaut and Walker (1975). The collection of research focuses on experimental approachesboth in the field and in the laboratoryand draws from multiple disciplines, including economics, psychology, and organizational behavior. American Politics Research, 43, 144169. Gender & Conflict Gender Action Portal village 201 new townhomes by alliance development virginia palmer elementary school staff. The authors would like to thank Bill Bianco, Eileen Braman, Christopher DeSante, Bernard Fraga, Brian Gaines, Jim Kuklinski, Jeff Mondak, Diana Z. OBrien, and Cara Wong for guidance and feedback on earlier drafts. That structure makes it easier for extremist views to find official representation. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 623638. American Journal of Political Science, 278300. Read the latest issue. See appendix (Supplementary material) for detailed comparison of CCAP and MTurk data. Statistical inference, on the other hand, consists of the methods involved . Patterns and correlations are clear and visible: Statistical data is data that has already been analyzed and therefore the patterns and correlations have already been done and are clear and visible.

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